IOUSP

Antes de coordenar o Workshop na semana que vem, o Dr. Gavin H. Tilstone ministrará a palestra intitulada Satellite estimates of primary and net community production indicate predominance of net autotrophy in the Atlantic Ocean na sede do IOUSP amanhã, 20 de abril de 2018 às 10h no Auditório do Instituto Oceanográfico da USP. Aproveite e leia os anexos contendo o resumo e a biografia do palestrante. ESM

Satellite estimates of primary and net community production indicate predominance of net autotrophy in the Atlantic Ocean.

Gavin H. Tilstone.

There is ongoing debate as to whether the oligotrophic ocean is predominantly net autotrophic and acts as a CO₂ sink, or net heterotrophic and therefore a CO₂ source to the atmosphere. This quantification is challenging due to the sparseness of measurements available. A number of algorithms that use satellite data to estimate net community production (NCP) are compared against in vitro measurements of changes in dissolved O₂ concentration taken on the Atlantic Meridional Transect. A 13 year time series of NCP was then generated using the most accurate algorithm to assess changes over time in different regions and in relation to climate variability. The North Atlantic subtropical and tropical Gyres (NATL) were predominantly net autotrophic from 1998 to 2010 except for boreal autumn/winter, suggesting that the northern hemisphere has remained a net sink for CO₂ during this period. The South Atlantic sub-tropical Gyre (SATL) fluctuated from being net autotrophic in austral spring-summer, to net heterotrophic in austral autumn-winter. Recent decadal trends suggest that the SATL is becoming more of a CO₂ source. Variations in NCP in these regions suggest that MEI and NAO play a role in modifying phases of net autotrophy and heterotrophy in the Atlantic Ocean. The talk will also illustrate trends in primary production in the Atlantic Ocean, in different size fractions and will consider the effects decreasing pH and increasing temperature on phytoplankton photosynthesis.

Dr. Gavin Tilstone. Biography.

Research Interests: Optics, photosynthesis, primary production, phytoplankton biology, remote sensing.

Publications: > 70 peer review papers. 2600 citations, H-index 28.

Current Post: SENIOR SCIENTIFIC OFFICER. Bio-optical Oceanographer. 2004-present. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK. (**See current projects below)

HIGHER SCIENTIFIC OFFICER: 2000-2004, at Plymouth Marine laboratory, UK, on ‘Estimation of marine primary productivity by satellite remote sensing’ under NERC Thematic programme: Marine Productivity Phase I, with Dr. I. Joint and S. Groom.

Post-Doctoral Researcher: 1999-2000, at Universite Libre de Bruxelles & Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, BELGIUM with Dr. C. Lancelot & Dr. K. Ruddick on ‘Regional-specific optical remote sensing for coastal zone applications (MULTICOLOR)’.

Post-Doctoral Researcher: 1997 – 1999, EU Marie-Curie Fellowship at CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo, SPAIN, with Dr. F.G. Figueiras on ‘Primary production and phytoplankton growth at the subtropical EN Atlantic Boundary’.

PhD in Botany: 1993-1996, at University of Exeter, UK with Prof. M.R. Macnair on The significance of multiple metal tolerance in plants.

B.Sc. (Hons) Environmental Biology: 1989-1992, University of Wales, Swansea, UK.

SCHOLARSHIPS & AWARDS:

LARGE SCALE FACILITIES EU MAST 1998-1999 on ‘Nutrient control of toxic algal blooms (NUTOX)’ with Dr. Geir Johnsen at Trondheim Biological Station, Norway.

BRITISH COUNCIL SCHOLARSHIP, 1992-1993, at CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Vigo, SPAIN, with Dr. F.G. Figueiras on ‘Phytoplankton taxonomy and dynamics of harmful algal blooms’.

ERASMUS SCHOLARSHIP, 1991, at University of Wales, Swansea / HDRA, with Dr. S.J. Wainwright & Dr P.J. Harris on ‘Bio-indicators for reforestation in south - east Spain’.

***Current Projects:

1. Principal Investigator on EU INTERREG Va proposal - S-3EUROHAB. Satellite products for detecting EUtROphication and Harmful Algal Bloom events in the French-English Channel. (total budget 3.6 M€; PML budget 1.3M€, ERDF 900K€; Nov 2017-Oct 2021).
2. Principal Investigator on European Space Agency contract Copernicus Sentinel Atlantic Meridional Transect Fiducial Reference Measurements Campaign (AMT4SentinelFRM) (ESRIN/RFQ/3-14457/16/I-BG; 260 000 €; July 2016-Dec 2018).
3. Co-Investigator on European Space Agency contract Fiducial Reference Measurements for Sentinel Ocean Colour (FRM4SOC) (ESA/AO/1-8500/15/I-SBo; 110 000 €; Dec Jan 2017-2018)
4. Principal Investigator on NERC International Opportunity Fund Grant Satellite estimates of marine net community production in the South Atlantic from Sentinel-3 (SemSAS) (NE/P00878X/1; £40,000; July 2017 to Dec 2018).
5. Co-Investigator on EU Horizons 2020 contract Joint Monitoring Programme of the EUtrophication of the NOrth-Sea with SATellite data (JMP EUNOSAT) (11.0661/2017/750678/SUBIENV.C2; 45 000 €; March 2017 to current).
6. Co-Investigator on EU Horizons 2020 contract Strategies for Environmental Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage (STEMM-CCS) (EU 654462; March 2017 to current)

Selected Publications:

1. Tilstone G.H., Mallor-Hoya S, Gohin F, Bel Couto A., Sa C, Gloela P, Cristina S, Airs R, Icely J, Zuhlke M, Groom S.B. (2017). Which Ocean Colour algorithm for MERIS in NW European coastal waters? Remote Sensing Environment, 189: 132-151. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.012
2. Tilstone, G.H., Lange, P.K., Misra, A., Brewin, R.J.W., Cain, T., 2017. Microphytoplankton photosynthesis, primary production and potential export production in the Atlantic Ocean. Oceanogr. 158: 109-129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2017.01.006.
3. Tilstone, G., Šedivá, B., Tarran, G., Kanˇa, R., Prášil, O., 2017. Effect of CO2 enrichment on phytoplankton photosynthesis in the North Atlantic sub-tropical gyre. Oceanogr. 158: 76-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.12.005.
4. Pabortsava K., Lampitt R. S., Benson J., Casciotti K., Crowe C., McLachlan R., Le Moigne F.A.C., Moore C. M., Pebody C., Provost P, Rees A., Tilstone H., Woodward E.M.S. (2017) Carbon sequestration in the deep Atlantic enhanced by Saharan dust. Nature-GeoSciences. 10: 189-194. http://doi:10.1038/ngeo2899
5. Bouman, HA, Platt, T, Doblin, M, Figueiras, FG, Gudmundsson, K, Gudfinnsson, HG, Huang, B, Hickman, A, Hiscock, M, Jackson, T, Lutz, VA, Mélin, F, Rey, F, Pepin, P, Segura, V, Tilstone, GH, van Dongen-Vogels, V, Sathyendranath, S. 2018. Photosynthesis-­irradiance parameters of marine phytoplankton: synthesis of a global data set. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10: 251-266. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2017-40.
6. Qin, P., Simis, S.H., Tilstone, G.H. Radiometric validation of atmospheric correction for MERIS in the Baltic Sea based on continuous observations from ships and AERONET-OC. Remote Sensing Environment, 200: 263-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.08.024
7. Hackenberg, Sina; Andrews, Stephen; Airs, Ruth; Arnold, Steve; Bouman, Heather; Cummings, Denise; Lewis, Alastair; Minaeian, Jamie; Reifel, Kristen; Small, Alison; Tarran, Glen; Tilstone, Gavin; Carpenter, Lucy J. 2017. Basin-scale observations of monoterpenes in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans. Environmental Science & Technology, 51: 10449-10458. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02240.

Supervisor on 10 PhD Studentships:

1. Principal Supervisor for Kieran Curran NERC Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry PhD, Size fractionated estimates of phytoplankton production from satellites for the UK shelf seas. PML-Uni Oxford Oct 2013 – April 2018. Viva - June 2018.
2. Co-supervisor on NERC Shelf Seas Biogeochemistry PhD, James Fox, Identifying the nature of primary productivity variability in shelf sea systems. UniEssex-PML, Oct 2013 – Dec 2017. Viva – March 2018.
3. Principal Supervisor for Matthew Keys, NERC studentship (Grant no. NE/L50189X/1), Effect of future CO2, temperature and nutrient regimes on primary production in the Western English Channel Oct 2013 – Sept 2016; submitted Oct 2017, Viva Jan 2018.
4. NERC SOFI Studentship CASE with PML. NE/F012608/1: Johanna Gloel, Triple oxygen isotope and oxygen/argon ratio measurements to enhance coastal and open ocean production/respiration comparisons. Supervisors: Kaiser (UEA), Tilstone (PML), Robinson (UEA), Jan 2009-Dec2011 Viva - Nov 12.
5. NERC Studentship G5236041-1: Morvan Barnes, Variability in primary production in the western English Channel. Supervisors: Smyth (PML), Tilstone (PML), Suggett (Uni Essex). Started Oct 2008; Submitted Dec 2011, Viva Feb 2012.
6. Oxford University-PML Case Studentship (0711560248004): Alex Robinson, Estimation of marine productivity from space. Supervisors: Bouman (Uni Oxford), Tilstone (PML), Sathyendranath (PML). Started Oct 2008, submitted April 2013, Viva July 2013.
7. Oxford University-PML Case Studentship: Thomas Jackson, Marine productivity in the Arctic Ocean. Supervisors: Bouman (Uni Oxford), Sathyendranath (PML), Tilstone (PML). Started Oct 2009, submitted Oct 2013, Viva Jan 2014.
8. PML Studentship: Victor Martinez-Vicente, Variability in optical backscattering in the marine environment. Supervisors: Tilstone (PML), Mitchelson-Jacob (Uni Bangor), Started Oct 2004; submitted Sept 2009, Viva Nov 2009.

Current PhD students:

1. Lead supervisor on GW4+ Doctoral Training Partnership with University of Exeter, Carbon from Space: Determining the biological controls on the ocean sink of CO2 from satellite. Shutler (Uni Exeter), Kitidis (PML), Oct 2018 – Sept 2021.
2. Co-supervisor on NERC Industrial PhD, Emilie Courticuisse. A Repetition Rate Fluorometer for the detection of Cyanobacteria in marine and freshwater environments. PML-Chelsea Instruments-Uni-Stirling, Simis (PML), Oxborough (Chelsea), Tyler (Uni Stirling), Jan 2018 – June 2021.